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What is pitting corrosion and how can it be prevented?

Pitting or pitting corrosion is a type of localized bearing damage that can initiate corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. Externally, pitting looks like depressions (ulcers or cavities) on the surface of the metal. Pitting corrosion can be attributed to several factors.

Causes of Pitting Corrosion

• Solid Particles in Lubricant: Debris or contamination can cause abrasion and damage to the protective oxide layer on the bearing surfaces.

• Atmospheric Humidity: Moisture in the environment can facilitate corrosion processes, especially in the presence of chlorides.

• Insufficient Lubrication: Lack of or inadequate lubrication can lead to increased friction and wear, exacerbating corrosion.

• Poor Quality Lubricants: Low viscosity or ineffective lubricants may not provide adequate protection against wear and corrosion.

Prevention Strategies

• Select Appropriate Bearing Types and Designs

Choose bearings designed for high resistance to pitting corrosion. Consider using hybrid bearings with ceramic balls for superior corrosion resistance and reduced friction.

• Ensure Seal Integrity

Maintain the integrity of bearing seals to prevent contaminants from entering. High-quality seals should be regularly inspected for wear and damage.

• Lubrication Practices

Use lubricants that are suitable for the operational temperature and speed conditions. Ensure that lubricants have appropriate viscosity and are free from contaminants.

Regularly filter lubricating oil to remove solid particles that could lead to pitting.

• Environmental Control

Control exposure to moisture and corrosive agents by maintaining a clean operating environment. Implement protective measures such as covers or enclosures to shield bearings from humidity.

• Regular Maintenance

Establish a routine maintenance schedule that includes inspections for signs of wear or damage, particularly focusing on seal integrity and lubrication levels.

By implementing these preventive measures, the risk of pitting corrosion can be significantly reduced, thereby extending the service life of bearings and enhancing overall equipment reliability.

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